ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ЗАБОЛЕВАЕМОСТЬ КАК ПРОБЛЕМА СОЦИАЛЬНОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ
Аннотация
Целью научного обзора является обобщение данных, полученных в результате ретро- и проспективного исследования (2005-2013гг.) о роли и месте различных факторов в развитии онкологических заболеваний (ОЗ) и смертности от них.
Научный обзор основан на анализе 52 литературных источников и результатов собственных исследований, проведенных в Армении, касающихся влияния различных факторов на рост и распространенность ОЗ. Представлена эпидемиологическая ситуация по заболеваемости и смертности в динамике, роль социально-экономического состояния – образование и доходы, питание, потребление табака, доступность медицинской помощи. Проведена оценка распространенности ОЗ в зависимости от токсических веществ, способствующих развитию рака. Уделено внимание психо-эмоциональному состоянию больных, а также организации онкологической помощи населению.
Выявлено несоответствие между образованием и уровнем доходов, образование не определяет высокий СЭС и здоровьесберегающее поведение. Продовольственная корзина не обеспечивает потребности ни в питании, ни в пользовании медицинских услуг. Принятые в зарубежной литературе понятия «рак бедности» и «рак богатства» не подтверждаются проведенными исследованиями. Имеет место связь между экологической обстановкой и заболеваемостью, особенно в регионах, «насыщенных» выбросами промышленных предприятий, содержащих канцероактивные и канцероопасные вещества. Высокая смертность и низкая выживаемость связана с недостаточной организацией онкологической помощи, и в первую очередь, с отсутствием профилактических осмотров и низким процентом выявления в I и II стадии рака. Вместе с этим определенную роль играет менталитет населения – небрежное отношение к собственному здоровью, самолечение, использование «народных средств».Ключевые слова
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.12731/2218-7405-2015-1-9
ISSN 2658-4034
