Цель исследования: Представить читателю подробный обзор распространённости аффективных и тревожных нарушений в колопроктологической практике, а также коморбидных с депрессивными и тревожными нарушениями колопроктологических заболеваний (в частности, таких типичных для депрессии, как хронические запоры), гипотезы о механизмах двусторонней патофизиологической связи депрессивных и тревожных нарушений с колопроктологическими заболеваниями, а также обзор того, как психотропные лекарства могут влиять на функцию толстой кишки в положительную (терапевтически полезную) или отрицательную (способствующую колопроктологическим заболеваниям) сторону, и как традиционно применяемые в колопроктологии лекарства и методы лечения могут, в свою очередь, влиять на состояние психики в обе стороны, и представить вытекающие из этого стратегии одновременного лечения как психических, так и колопроктологических заболеваний.

Методология проведения работы: Авторами был проведён поиск литературы о связи колопроктологических заболеваний, таких, как болезнь Крона, неспецифический язвенный колит, запоры, анальные трещины и др., с депрессивными и тревожными состояниями, с использованием соответствующих ключевых слов, в поисковых системах PubMed и Google Scholar. Затем авторами был проведён поиск литературы о психиатрических осложнениях применяемых в колопроктологии лекарств и методов лечения и о применении их с терапевтическими целями в психиатрии, а также о применении антидепрессантов, анксиолитиков и других психотропных лекарств в колопроктологии.

Результаты: Полученные в результате этого обзора данные свидетельствуют о тесной двусторонней связи депрессивных и тревожных состояний с функцией толстого кишечника и с целым рядом колопроктологических заболеваний, а также о перспективности использования некоторых колопроктологических лекарств и методов лечения (например, антицитокиновых препаратов, пробиотиков, аминосалицилатов, трансплантации фекальной микробиоты) в психиатрии, а психотропных лекарств – при ряде колопроктологических заболеваний, и о необходимости уделять большее внимание выявлению и лечению коморбидных депрессивных и тревожных состояний у колопроктологических больных, и колопроктологических проблем, таких, как хронические запоры или дисбактериоз кишечника, у депрессивных и тревожных больных.

Область применения результатов: Полученные нами данные заслуживают самого широкого применения как в колопроктологической, так и в психиатрической практике.

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